Background : The present investigation is aimed at examining the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypic influence on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in northwest India (Punjab), where this disease is emerging as a major threat to public-health care system. Materials and Methods: The present study comprised of angiographically diagnosed coronary heart disease patients (n = 193) and controls (n = 150) of Punjab. Genetic polymorphism of APOE gene was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and its association with lipid levels was evaluated. Results : The allele frequencies of ε2, ε3, and ε4 were 0.054, 0.795, 0.151; and 0.077, 0.856, 0.067 in patients and controls respectively. The bearers of E3/E4 genotype had threefold higher propensity of developing CHD in this population (OR, 3.04; CI, 1.55-6.25; P < 0.001), which exacerbated (OR, 4.18; CI, 2.03-9.27; P < 0.001) after correcting for age, sex, BMI, and lipid-lowering drugs. Lower HDL-C levels and higher LDL-C levels were found to be correlated with E3/E4 genotype (P < 0.01). Other concomitants like body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels did not show up as genetic determinants in this part of the region. Conclusions : A significant association (P = 0.016) of ε4 allele, especially E3/E4 genotype, with CHD was observed, along with HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations, in the population of northwest India.

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Background : Quality of life (QOL) scores inform researchers acquainted with such tools about patients' perception of various domains of their health. The scores provide a useful denominator for clinical trials, especially in chronic diseases with therapeutic side effects, such as HIV. However, in clinical settings, there is a felt need of description of problems commonly perceived by patients. Aim : This study describes the multidimensional health-related issues of HIV-positive patients. Settings and Design : Cross-sectional design with convenient sampling was used to recruit 138 HIV-positive patients at the outpatient section of the Department of Medicine of a tertiary care hospital in north India. Materials and Methods : A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about health-related problems. Identified problems were assessed using a Likert scale for severity. Results : Out of the 20 assessed problems, the patients reported positive for an average of 12.01 ± 3.78 problems. The most prevalent problems were those related to emotions (98.6%), lack of energy (96.4%), and health perception (92.0%). The most distressing problems were 'feeling that health was not good' (77.5%) and 'health was bad' (75.4%). The number of problems reported was significantly related to weight loss ( P = 0.006) and clinical category ( P = 0.023). A significant correlation was observed between weight loss and problems in social activities ( P < 0.001), pain ( P < 0.001); clinical class ( P < 0.001); tuberculosis, and problems in job and household work ( P = 0.002).Conclusion : Many patients have significant problems in dimensions other than physical. A physician's awareness about these problems is important for a holistic patient management.

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Background : Evaluated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as an early index for diagnosis of neonatal hypothyroidism, indicates insufficient supply of thyroid hormones. Objective : The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism and assessment of iodine deficiency in the eastern part of Iran. Settings and Design : A cross-sectional study was conducted in a pilot screening. Materials and Methods : The measurement of blood TSH spotted on filter paper was performed by ELISA method in 59,436 neonates. TSH value equal to 5 mU/L was considered cut off point. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism in neonates with the blood TSH higher than the cut off point was based on clinical examinations and laboratory tests (serum TSH and T4). Statistical Analysis: The groups were compared using chi-square and ANOVA tests. Results : In our study, the recall rate and incidence of hypothyroidism were 3.6% and 2 per 1000 neonates respectively. Based on the proposal made by WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD, the results of our study showed a mild iodine deficiency in the area. Conclusions : A comprehensive policy should be developed for control of iodine deficiency and treatment of hypothyroidism in the studied population and neighboring countries.

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Background : Self-perception of weight status is an important factor in food consumption and weight-loss-related behaviors. Aims : To determine women's self-perception of weight status, married women's perception of their husbands' opinions regarding women's weight status, the relationship between socio-demographic factors and under-assessment of weight status in overweight/obese women. Settings and Design : In a cross-sectional study in the year 2003 in Islamshahr, 704 adult women aged 19 to 65 years were included. Materials and Methods : Women's self-perception of weight and married women's perception of husbands' opinions regarding women's weight status were compared with actual weight group categorized according to body mass index (BMI). Statistical Analysis Used : Results were expressed as frequency and percentage. Logistic regression was used to assess the independent effects of various socio-demographic factors on under-assessment of weight status in overweight and obese women. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Results : Overall, 48% (338) women misclassified their weight status relative to their actual weight. Married women's perception of husbands' opinion regarding women's weight status showed about 57% (266) misclassification. Multivariate regression analysis revealed place of residence and women's perception of husbands' opinion regarding women's weight status to be independently associated with under-assessment of weight status by overweight and obese women. Conclusions : Overweight and obese women's perception of their husbands' opinion regarding women's weight status has a significant effect on assessment of weight status by women. Women of Islamshahr should be taught to more accurately assess weight status and to initiate action to prevent or correct excessive weight.

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Social networking is being increasingly used as a tool of choice for communications and collaborations in business and higher education. Learning and practice become inseparable when professionals work in communities of practice that create interpersonal bonds and promote collective learning. Individual learning that arises from the critical reconstruction of practice, in the presence of peers and other health professionals, enhances a physician's capability of clinical judgment and evidence-based practice. As such, it would be wise for medical schools, whose responsibility it is to prepare students to make a transition to adult life with the skills they need to succeed in both arenas, to reckon with it.

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