The clinical features, prognostic factors, and outcome of 51 patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE), were retrospectively reviewed. The mean (+/- SD) age of patients was 47.2 (+/- 14.8) years. Seventy-five percent of patients were males and 73% were Saudi. All identified episodes of hepatic encephalopathy were associated with chronic underlying liver disease and no episode occurred as a result of acute fulminant hepatic failure. Most patients presented in advanced stage of hepatic dysfunction and had one or more precipitating factors. In-hospital mortality rate was 41% (21 out of 51 patients). Gastrointestinal tract bleeding, electrolytes imbalance and alkalosis were associated with significantly higher mortality rate. However, unadjusted analysis failed to identify certain base-line independent prognostic factors.

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The article discusses the disease AIDS, and its increasing incidence all over the world. The alarming rise of HIV infection amongst those tested in India is noted. The projection as made by WHO are mentioned. The various modes of transmission of HIV infection and the high risk groups for each mode are identified. Clinical manifestation of an adult case is followed by that of a pediatric patient in whom the infection is mostly transplacental. The risk of TAA amongst children is highlighted as also the difference between adult and pediatric AIDS. Diagnosis of AIDS, its management, prognosis and prevention are mentioned. The similarity between HIV-1, SIV and HIV-2 induced immunodeficiency is recorded.

[ABSTRACT]   Full text not available    [CITATIONS]  [PubMed]