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ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2003 | Volume
: 57
| Issue : 2 | Page : 68-70 |
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Characterisation, biotyping, antibiogram and klebocin typing of Klebsiella with special reference to Klebsiella oxytoca.
A Aggarwal, S Khanna, U Arora
Department of Microbiology, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar,
Correspondence Address:
A Aggarwal
Department of Microbiology, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar
PMID: 14514272
400 strains of Klebsiellae identified by culture characteristics and biochemical reactions were subjected to biotyping, antibiogram and klebocin typing. Based on indole production, pectin and gelatin liquefaction 16.0% of all the isolates were Klebsiella oxytoca. Maximum sensitivity was shown to Amikacin (72%) and maximum resistance to Ampicillin (87.5%). Klebocin typability was 73.5%. So by combining biotyping, antibiogram and Klebocin typing, Klebsiella could be differentiated better than based on any single marker.
Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents, pharmacology,Bacteriocins, pharmacology,Enterobacter aerogenes, classification,drug effects,isolation & purification,Human, Klebsiella oxytoca, classification,drug effects,isolation & purification,Microbial Sensitivity Tests,
How to cite this article:
Aggarwal A, Khanna S, Arora U. Characterisation, biotyping, antibiogram and klebocin typing of Klebsiella with special reference to Klebsiella oxytoca. Indian J Med Sci 2003;57:68-70 |
How to cite this URL:
Aggarwal A, Khanna S, Arora U. Characterisation, biotyping, antibiogram and klebocin typing of Klebsiella with special reference to Klebsiella oxytoca. Indian J Med Sci [serial online] 2003 [cited 2013 May 23];57:68-70. Available from: http://www.indianjmedsci.org/text.asp?2003/57/2/68/11888 |
During the past decade emphasis on hospital infection has shifted dramatically from the Staphylococcus to the gram negative bacilli.[1] Klebsiella species in particular have played a significant role in gram negative sepsis often caused by strains resistant to common antibiotics. The apparent ease with which these organisms can spread especially to debilitating patients is a matter of concern.[2] This organism was isolated from variety of nosocomial infections, the commonest being urinary tract, respiratory tract and then surgical wounds. The widespread distribution of multidrug resistant Klebsiellae in the hosptial suggested that reservoir was extensive.[3] Based on DNA relatedness studies the genus now consists of five species: Klebsiella pneumoniae, K.oxytoca, K.planticola  , K.terrigens and Klebsiella group 47. Until recently indole positive strains of Klebsiella were considered to be an indole positive biogroup of Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, in 1974 Jain and co- workers showed that indole positive strains were distinct from K.pneumoniae by DNA hybridization. Thus K.oxytoca is now recognised as a separate species. Although the genus Klebsiella has become more complex, the species can usually be differentiated by simple phenotypic tests.[4]
The present study was aimed at isolation of Klebsiella species from various clinical specimens, their biochemical characterisation, to find the incidence of K.oxytoca, klebocin typing and the antibiogram of the isolates.
| ¤ Material and methods | |  |
400 strains of Klebsiella were isolated from various clinical samples received in the department of Microbiology, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. All the strains were subjected to biotyping, antibiotic sensitivity testing and klebocin typing by standard procedures.[5] Antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried out by modified stokes methods. Antibiotics used were Ampicillin (10mg/disc), Gentamicin (10 mg/disc), Norfloxacin (10 mg/disc). Amikacin (30 mg/disc), Piperacillin (30 mg/disc), Cefotaxime (10 mg/disc) and Cephalexin (30 mg/disc).
| ¤ Results | | |
It was observed that majority of strains were isolated from pus (5.4%), urine (42%), sputum (1.5%), blood (1%), throat swab, pleural fluids and other fluids (0.5%) each. Out of-400 Klebsiella strains 336 (84%) were Klebsiella aerogenes and 64 (16%) were Klebsiella oxytoca. 72% strains were sensitive to Amikacin, 57% to Gentamicin and 53% to Piperacillin. Maximum resistance was shown to Ampicillin and Cephalexin, 87.5% and 60% respectively. The commonest kl`ebocin types were 444, 111, 313, 113 [Table - 1]
| ¤ Discussion | | |
Biotyping of Klebsiella species showed two species. K.aerogenes and Klebsiella oxytoca. All klebsiella aerogenes (pneumoniae) were isolated from blood of neonatal sepsis. Other workers also found klebsiella pneumoniar as the commonest isolate of neonatal sepsis.[6] All the 16% strains of. Klebsiella oxytoca were indole positive, liquefied gelatin and pectin. These results were similar to the findings of other workers, they also correlated indole positivity with liquefaction of pectin and gelatin in strains of Klebsiella oxytoca.[7],[8],[9],[10]
In the present study maximum strains were sensitive to Amikacin (72%) which is in accordance with other workers.[11] Maximum resistance was shown to Ampicillin which is similar to findings of other workers.[12],[13] It was further observed that lndole producing strains were isolated from hospital/ward environment and were having wide patterns of resistance than indole negative strains which is comparable with the study of others."[14]
Klebocin typability in the present study was 73.5% while Chug et a1[15] reported 80.6%. Klebocin pattern in our study was also somewhat similar to that obtained by these workers.
It may be concluded that by combining biotyping, antibiogram and Klebocin typing, Klebsiella could be differentiated better than based, on any single marker for tracing the source of nosocomial infection. Valuable antibiotics should be employed only when specifically indicated to avoid emergence of resistant bacteria.
| ¤ References | | |
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| 3. | Wolfgang et al. Enterobacteriaceae: General charadteristics and opportuist enterobacteriaceae. Zinser Microbiology 10th Ed. 1988;462 & 467. |
| 4. | Benner EJ, Michklewart JS, Brodie JL, Kirby WMM: (Proc Soc Exp Biol NY 1965;119:536. Cited in Topley and Wilson, 1975. |
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| 10. | Arora DR. Textbook of microbiology, 1st Ed. 289, New Delhi: CBS Publishers; 1999. |
| 11. | Jasper D, Molly T, Shanmugam J. In vitro susceptibility of gram negative bacteria to Amikacin and its comparison with three other aminoglycoside antibiotics. Ind J Pat4 Micror 1985;28:115-9. |
| 12. | Rao RR, Shivananda. Urease production, Itlebocin sensitivity and antibiotic resistance of klebsiella organisms. Indian J Med Microbiology 1993;11:36-42. |
| 13. | Anivkar AR, Deshmukh AB, Karyakarte RP, Dainle AS, et al: One year prospective study of 3280 surgical wounds. Ind J Med Microbiol 1999;17:129-32. |
| 14. | Klein D, Spindler JA, Matson JM. Relationship of Indole production and antibiotic susceptibility in the Klebsiella bacillus. J Clin Microbiol 1975;2:425-9. |
| 15. | Chug TD, Sabharwal U, Arora DR, et al. Klebocin typing: A national survey. Indian J Med Res 1982;75:791-5. |
Tables
[Table - 1]
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